利用Samba实现Linux和MacOS / IOS间的共享文件
测试环境：
- Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS
- IOS 17.2
在我的工作过程中，为了实现多机且多系统间的文件传输，我在个人安装了Ubuntu 22.04的Samba文件共享服务。以下以一个名为 ubuntu_share 的目录为例实现文件夹共享实现和取消操作。
1、Samba安装及文件夹共享配置
在Ubuntu 22.04的终端中，正常已安装Smaba组件。若未安装，我们可以在通过nautilus-share界面来安装。右键点击ubuntu_share目录，选择Local Network Share，在弹出的Folder Sharing界面中，勾选Share this folder，若未安装Samba相关组件，则会弹出Sharing service is not installed提示：
点击Install service，弹出samba安装提示：
点击install根据提示输入账号密码开始安装Samba。安装完成后，会自动关闭安装界面，回到Folder Sharing界面：
点击Create Share即可启用文件夹共享。文件夹共享启动后，图标右下角将增加共享标识：
2、Samba共享文件夹移除
右键点击ubuntu_share目录，选择Local Network Share，在弹出的Folder Sharing界面中，取消Share this folder的勾选，并点击 Modify Share 即可取消文件夹共享。
3、Samba移除
在终端中，请确认是否已经安装Samba：
$ samba -V
Version 4.15.13-Ubuntu
可以先查询Samba依赖关系：
$ sudo apt depends samba
samba
PreDepends: dpkg (>= 1.15.6~)
dpkg:i386
PreDepends: init-system-helpers (>= 1.54~)
Depends: adduser
Depends: libpam-modules
Depends: libpam-runtime (>= 1.0.1-11)
Depends: lsb-base (>= 4.1+Debian)
Depends: procps
procps:i386
Depends: python3 (<< 3.11)
Depends: python3-dnspython
Depends: python3-samba
Depends: samba-common (= 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6)
Depends: samba-common-bin (= 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6)
Depends: tdb-tools
Depends: python3 (>= 3.10~)
Depends: <python3:any>
python3:i386
python3
Depends: libbsd0 (>= 0.6.0)
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.34)
Depends: libgnutls30 (>= 3.7.0)
Depends: libldb2 (>= 2:2.4.4-0ubuntu0.22.04.2~)
Depends: libpopt0 (>= 1.14)
Depends: libpython3.10 (>= 3.10.0)
Depends: libtalloc2 (>= 2.3.3~)
Depends: libtasn1-6 (>= 4.14)
Depends: libtdb1 (>= 1.4.4~)
Depends: libtevent0 (>= 0.11.0~)
Depends: libwbclient0 (= 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6)
Depends: samba-libs (= 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6)
Recommends: attr
attr:i386
Recommends: logrotate
Recommends: python3-markdown
Recommends: samba-dsdb-modules
Recommends: samba-vfs-modules
Suggests: bind9 (>= 1:9.5.1)
Suggests: bind9utils
bind9-utils
Suggests: ctdb
Suggests: ldb-tools
|Suggests: ntp
Suggests: chrony (>= 3.0-1)
Suggests: smbldap-tools
Suggests: ufw
Suggests: winbind
Enhances: bind9
Enhances: ntp
查询已安装的Smaba相关组件：
$ sudo apt list --installed | grep samba
WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
python3-samba/jammy-updates,now 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6 amd64 [installed,automatic]
samba-common-bin/jammy-updates,now 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6 amd64 [installed,automatic]
samba-common/jammy-updates,jammy-updates,now 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6 all [installed]
samba-dsdb-modules/jammy-updates,now 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6 amd64 [installed,automatic]
samba-libs/jammy-updates,now 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6 amd64 [installed,automatic]
samba-vfs-modules/jammy-updates,now 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6 amd64 [installed,automatic]
samba/jammy-updates,now 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6 amd64 [installed]
移除samba相关组件：
$ sudo apt purge -y samba samba-common samba-vfs-modules
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
apg attr gnome-control-center-faces gnome-online-accounts ldap-utils libbasicobjects0 libcephfs2 libcollection4
libcolord-gtk1 libdhash1 libgsound0 libgssdp-1.2-0 libgupnp-1.2-1 libgupnp-av-1.0-3 libgupnp-dlna-2.0-4 libini-config5
libipa-hbac0 libldb2 libnfsidmap1 libnss-sss libpath-utils1 libref-array1 librygel-core-2.6-2 librygel-db-2.6-2
librygel-renderer-2.6-2 librygel-server-2.6-2 libsss-certmap0 libsss-idmap0 libsss-nss-idmap0
mobile-broadband-provider-info network-manager-gnome python3-certifi python3-dnspython python3-gpg python3-ldb
python3-macaroonbakery python3-protobuf python3-pymacaroons python3-requests python3-rfc3339 python3-samba python3-sss
python3-talloc python3-tdb rygel samba-dsdb-modules samba-libs sssd-common sssd-krb5 sssd-krb5-common sssd-ldap
sssd-proxy tdb-tools
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
samba* samba-common* samba-common-bin* samba-vfs-modules*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 68 not upgraded.
After this operation, 21.7 MB disk space will be freed.
(Reading database ... 354001 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing samba (2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6) ...
Removing samba-common-bin (2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6) ...
Removing samba-common (2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6) ...
Removing samba-vfs-modules:amd64 (2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.8) ...
(Reading database ... 353665 files and directories currently installed.)
Purging configuration files for samba-common (2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6) ...
Purging configuration files for samba (2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6) ...
Processing triggers for ufw (0.36.1-4ubuntu0.1) ...
删除Samba相关配置及文件夹：
$ sudo rm -rf /var/cache/samba /etc/samba /run/samba /var/lib/samba /var/log/samba
删除sambashare组：
$ sudo delgroup sambashare
4、可能出现的问题
4.1 远程无访问权限
使用指定用户连接到samba服务器时，出现提示 You entered an invalid username or password for the server. Authentication error.
查看指定用户是否在sambashare组：
$ cat /etc/group | grep samba
sambashare:x:132:
添加指定用户到sambashare组：
$ sudo usermod -aG sambashare <user-name>
修改指定用户的samba访问密码（根据提示输入密码）：
$ sudo smbpasswd -a <user-name>
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
Added user <user-name>.
4.2 MacOS / IOS无法向共享目录写入文件
MacOS / IOS中拷贝文件到共享目录时，会出现 The Operation Can’t Be Completed. 的提示，具体提示中会字段中出现 because its name is too long or includes characters that are invalid on the destination volume. 字样。
根据Samba Wiki中Configure Samba to Work Better with Mac OS X一文，我们需要对samba配置作小小的改动。
安装fruit和samba-vfs-modules：
$ sudo apt install fruit samba-vfs-modules
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
apg gnome-control-center-faces gnome-online-accounts ldap-utils libbasicobjects0 libcollection4 libcolord-gtk1 libdhash1
libgsound0 libgssdp-1.2-0 libgupnp-1.2-1 libgupnp-av-1.0-3 libgupnp-dlna-2.0-4 libini-config5 libipa-hbac0 libnfsidmap1
libnss-sss libpath-utils1 libref-array1 librygel-core-2.6-2 librygel-db-2.6-2 librygel-renderer-2.6-2
librygel-server-2.6-2 libsss-certmap0 libsss-idmap0 libsss-nss-idmap0 mobile-broadband-provider-info
network-manager-gnome python3-macaroonbakery python3-protobuf python3-pymacaroons python3-rfc3339 python3-sss rygel
sssd-common sssd-krb5 sssd-krb5-common sssd-ldap sssd-proxy
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
Suggested packages:
scid xboard
The following NEW packages will be installed:
fruit samba-vfs-modules
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 68 not upgraded.
Need to get 736 kB of archives.
After this operation, 2,596 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 fruit amd64 2.1.dfsg-9 [317 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 samba-vfs-modules amd64 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6 [419 kB]
Fetched 736 kB in 1s (1,027 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package fruit.
(Reading database ... 353893 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../fruit_2.1.dfsg-9_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking fruit (2.1.dfsg-9) ...
Selecting previously unselected package samba-vfs-modules:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../samba-vfs-modules_2%3a4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking samba-vfs-modules:amd64 (2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6) ...
Setting up fruit (2.1.dfsg-9) ...
Setting up samba-vfs-modules:amd64 (2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
在samba配置文件 /etc/samba/smb.conf 的 [global] 字段中添加以下内容：
#======================= Global Settings =======================
[global]
min protocol = SMB2
ea support = yes
vfs objects = fruit streams_xattr
移除共享目录并重新设置目录共享即可（主要是为了重新加载samba配置文件）。